Перевести страницу на:  
Please select your language to translate the article


You can just close the window to don't translate
Библиотека
ваш профиль

Вернуться к содержанию

Национальная безопасность / nota bene
Правильная ссылка на статью:

Дундуков М.Ю. Правовые стандарты защиты информации в сфере национальной безопасности США

Аннотация: Статья посвящена анализу правовых стандартов, регламентирующих порядок присвоения грифов секретности информации по вопросам обеспечения национальной безопасности США. В статье раскрывается порядок присвоения различных грифов секретности, а также порядок и условия пролонгации сроков на которые присваивается тот или иной гриф. В статье также рассмотрен закрепленный американским законодательством порядок рассекречивания документов и обнародования для широкой общественности исторических материалов, ранее ей недоступных, показана роль специальных комиссий, создаваемых в США для мониторинга работы по защите секретной информации и обнародованию документов, с которых уже снят гриф секретности. Статья подготовлена на основе метода исторического анализа и метода анализа документов. При этом анализируемыми документами выступают федеральные законы США и исполнительные приказы президента США Научная новизна статьи состоит в том, что автор впервые обобщил опыт США последних десятилетий в сфере правовой регламентации защиты информации по национальной безопасности, показал роль федеральных законов и подзаконных нормативных актов, издаваемых президентом США в урегулировании порядка присвоения грифов секретности документам федерального правительства США, раскрыл роль законодательства о свободе информации в обеспечении надлежащей правовой защиты информации по вопросам национальной безопасности.


Ключевые слова:

национальная безопасность, защита информации, гриф секретности, рассекречивание документов, исполнительный приказ, подзаконный акт, федеральный закон, свобода информации, должностное лицо, разведывательная служба

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of judicial standards, which regulate the policy of classified information pertaining to matters of national security of the United States. The article reveals the policy of assigning different levels of secrecy, as well as the process and conditions under which the term of secrecy can be extended for a documents requiring various levels of clearance. The article also goes over the process established by US legislation of declassifying documents and disclosure of historical materials to the general population, which could not previously be accessed; it demonstrates the role of special commissions created in the United States in order to monitor the protection of secret documents and disclosure of information that has already been declassified. Article is based on the method of historical analysis and the method of analyzing documents. The documents being analyzed in this process are those of US Federal Laws and US Presidential Orders. The scientific novelty of this article is in the fact that the author is first to sum up the experience of the United States over the last decades, pertaining to the area of legislative regulations on protection of information on matters of national security. He also explains the role of Federal Laws and delegated legislation issued by the President of the United States in regulating the process of classifying document of the Federal US Government. The author reveals the role of the Freedom of Information Act ensuring the proper legal protection of information concerning the matters of national security.


Keywords:

National security, protection of information, classified information, declassification of documents, executive order, delegated legislation, Federal Law, freedom of information, government official, intelligence service.


Эта статья может быть бесплатно загружена в формате PDF для чтения. Обращаем ваше внимание на необходимость соблюдения авторских прав, указания библиографической ссылки на статью при цитировании.

Скачать статью

Библиография
1. Archibald Cox Reflection upon Watergate. Brandies University, 1974.
2. Atomic Energy Act of 1954, Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, §1, 68 Stat. 947.
3. Classified Information Procedures Act of 1980, Pub. L. 96-456, Oct. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 2025.
4. Executive Order № 10290, Mar. 10, 1972, 37 Fed. Reg. 5209;
5. Executive Order № 10290, Sept. 27, 1951, 16 Fed. Reg. 9735.
6. Executive Order № 10501, Nov. 10, 1953, 18 Fed. Reg. 7049;
7. Executive Order № 12065, July 3, 1978, 43 Fed. Reg. 28949;
8. Executive Order № 12356, Apr. 6, 1982, 47 Fed. Reg. 14874;
9. Executive Order № 12958, Apr. 20, 1995, 60 Fed. Reg. 19825.
10. Executive Order № 13526, Jan. 5, 2010, 75 Fed. Reg. 707.
11. Freedom of Information Act of 1966, Pub. L. 89-487, July 4 1966, 80 Stat. 250.
12. Freedom of Information Act of 1967, Pub. L. 90-23, June 5 1967, 81 Stat. 54.
13. Freedom of Information Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93-502, Nov. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 1561.
14. Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110-53, sec. 602, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 336.
15. Intelligence Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1996, Pub. L. 104-93, Jan. 6, 1996, 109 Stat. 969.
16. Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108-458, title I, sec. 1102, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3699.
17. Invention Secrecy Act of 1951, Feb. 1, 1952, 66 Stat. 3.
18. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Pub. L. 106-65, Sec. 1042, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 759.
19. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014, Pub. L. 113-66, Sec. 542, Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 672;
20. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1989, Pub. L. 100-453, Sept. 29, 1988.
21. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993, Pub. L. 102-190, Dec. 5, 1991.
22. National Security Council Intelligence Directive № 5 (Espionage and Counterespionage Operations), December 12, 1947 // Source: National Archives and Records Administration, RG 59, Records of the Department of State, Records of the Executive Secretariat, NSC Files: Lot 66 D 95, NSCIDs.
23. NSR (National Security Reviews) № 17 of June 15, 1989 (Review of United States non Proliferation Policy); NSR № 18 of June 22, 1989 (Counterintelligence and Security Countermeasures); NSR № 19 of July 7, 1989 (US Policy toward Lebanon).
24. Protection and Reduction of Government Secrecy Act, Pub. L. 103-236, title IX, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 525.
25. Public Interest Declassification Act of 2000, Pub. L. 106-567, title VII, Dec. 27, 2000.
26. Public Interest Declassification Board Reauthorization Act of 2012, Pub. L. 112-235, Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1626.
27. Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999, Pub. L. 105-261, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2021.
28. The Administrative Procedure Act of 1946, 60 Stat. 238.
29. Ungar, Sanford J. FBI : An Uncensored Look Behind the Walls.-Boston: Toronto, 1976.
30. Опалев А.В. Правовое обеспечение национальной безопасности: объект, предмет и задачи // Национальная безопасность / nota bene. - 2014. - 2. - C. 244 - 250. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2014.2.11295.
References
1. Archibald Cox Reflection upon Watergate. Brandies University, 1974.
2. Atomic Energy Act of 1954, Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, §1, 68 Stat. 947.
3. Classified Information Procedures Act of 1980, Pub. L. 96-456, Oct. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 2025.
4. Executive Order № 10290, Mar. 10, 1972, 37 Fed. Reg. 5209;
5. Executive Order № 10290, Sept. 27, 1951, 16 Fed. Reg. 9735.
6. Executive Order № 10501, Nov. 10, 1953, 18 Fed. Reg. 7049;
7. Executive Order № 12065, July 3, 1978, 43 Fed. Reg. 28949;
8. Executive Order № 12356, Apr. 6, 1982, 47 Fed. Reg. 14874;
9. Executive Order № 12958, Apr. 20, 1995, 60 Fed. Reg. 19825.
10. Executive Order № 13526, Jan. 5, 2010, 75 Fed. Reg. 707.
11. Freedom of Information Act of 1966, Pub. L. 89-487, July 4 1966, 80 Stat. 250.
12. Freedom of Information Act of 1967, Pub. L. 90-23, June 5 1967, 81 Stat. 54.
13. Freedom of Information Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93-502, Nov. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 1561.
14. Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110-53, sec. 602, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 336.
15. Intelligence Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1996, Pub. L. 104-93, Jan. 6, 1996, 109 Stat. 969.
16. Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108-458, title I, sec. 1102, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3699.
17. Invention Secrecy Act of 1951, Feb. 1, 1952, 66 Stat. 3.
18. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Pub. L. 106-65, Sec. 1042, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 759.
19. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014, Pub. L. 113-66, Sec. 542, Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 672;
20. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1989, Pub. L. 100-453, Sept. 29, 1988.
21. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993, Pub. L. 102-190, Dec. 5, 1991.
22. National Security Council Intelligence Directive № 5 (Espionage and Counterespionage Operations), December 12, 1947 // Source: National Archives and Records Administration, RG 59, Records of the Department of State, Records of the Executive Secretariat, NSC Files: Lot 66 D 95, NSCIDs.
23. NSR (National Security Reviews) № 17 of June 15, 1989 (Review of United States non Proliferation Policy); NSR № 18 of June 22, 1989 (Counterintelligence and Security Countermeasures); NSR № 19 of July 7, 1989 (US Policy toward Lebanon).
24. Protection and Reduction of Government Secrecy Act, Pub. L. 103-236, title IX, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 525.
25. Public Interest Declassification Act of 2000, Pub. L. 106-567, title VII, Dec. 27, 2000.
26. Public Interest Declassification Board Reauthorization Act of 2012, Pub. L. 112-235, Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1626.
27. Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999, Pub. L. 105-261, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2021.
28. The Administrative Procedure Act of 1946, 60 Stat. 238.
29. Ungar, Sanford J. FBI : An Uncensored Look Behind the Walls.-Boston: Toronto, 1976.
30. Opalev A.V. Pravovoe obespechenie natsional'noy bezopasnosti: ob'ekt, predmet i zadachi // Natsional'naya bezopasnost' / nota bene. - 2014. - 2. - C. 244 - 250. DOI: 10.7256/2073-8560.2014.2.11295.