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Creative Commons License CC-BY-NC Статья опубликована с лицензией Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) – Лицензия «С указанием авторства – Некоммерческая».
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Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations
Правильная ссылка на статью:

Гуласарян А.С. Прекращение членства в международных организациях: международно-правовые проблемы

Аннотация: В настоящей статье рассматриваются различные варианты (способы) прекращения членства в международных организациях (выход членов из международной организации; принудительное прекращение членства в международной организации; утрата государством характеристик для продолжения членства в международной организации; роспуск самой международной организации) и связанные с ними международно-правовые проблемы (вопросы прекращения членства при отсутствии соответствующих положений в учредительных документах международных организаций). При этом анализируется имеющаяся практика и даются конкретные предложения по предмету исследования. Методы исследования: аналогии, системного анализа и синтеза, дедукции, индукции, абстрагирования, формально-юридический, логический, исторический, статистический. Затрагиваемая проблема, несмотря на актуальность, в научном плане является в недостаточной мере исследованной в международном праве. Имеющиеся работы по проблеме не учитывают изменений, произошедших в международной жизни после выхода их в свет. Настоящая статья как раз и призвана частично восполнить имеющийся пробел. В заключение отмечается, что при решении соответствующих вопросов прекращения членства в международных организациях важно апеллирование не только к положениям учредительных документов международных организаций, но также и к нормам общего международного права.


Ключевые слова:

международная организация, учредительные документы, прекращение членства, санкция, выход, исключение, приостановление членства, роспуск международной организации, ООН, специализированные учреждения ООН

Abstract: This article examines various option of membership termination within the international organizations (disaffiliation of members from an international organization; compulsory termination of membership; forfeit of characteristics for continuation of membership by a state; dissolution of an international organization itself), as well as associated with them international legal issues (termination of membership without the corresponding positions in constitutional documents of the international organizations). The author also analyzes the existing practice, as well as provides certain propositions on this matter. Despite its relevance from the scientific perspective, the topic at hand is yet insufficiently studied within the international law. The available works do not consider the changes that took place in the international life, while this article is aimed at partially filling the existing gap. In conclusion, the author notes that in resolution of the questions of membership termination in the international organizations, it is important to address not only to the positions of constitutional documents of the international organizations, but also the norms of common international law.


Keywords:

UN specialized agencies, UN, Dissolution of international organization, Suspension of membership, Exclusion, Disaffiliation, Sanction, Termination of membership, Constitutional documents, International organization


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Библиография
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References
1. Widdows K. The Unilateral Denunciation of Treaties Containing No Denunciation Clause // British Yearbook of International Law. Vol. 53 (1982).
2. UNESCO Resolution V.1.5, 24 November 1954.
3. UNESCO Documents 8C/ADM/30, Add.1.
4. WHA6.6, Assessment of China // Official Records of the World Health Organization. No. 48. Geneva: WHO. 1953.
5. Telegram dated 5 May 1950 from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China to the Director-General of WHO // Official Records of the World Health Organization. No. 28. Geneva: WHO. 1950.
6. Telegram dated 19 September 1965 from the Indonesian Ambassador to the United States to the Secretary-General of the United Nations // UN Doc. A/6419.
7. Singh N. Termination of Membership of International Organisations. Praeger, 1958.
8. Summary Report on Proceedings Minutes and Final Acts of the International Health Conference held in New York from 19 June to 22 July 1946 // Official Records of the World Health Organization. No. 2. Geneva: WHO. 1948.
9. Shaw M.N. International Law. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
10. Schermers H.G., Blokker N.M. International Institutional Law: Unity within Diversity. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2011.
11. Sarooshi D. International Organizations and Their Exercise of Sovereign Powers. Oxford University Press, 2005.
12. Report of the Second Commission, Doc. E.C.O./Conf./19. P. 78 // Conference for the Establishment of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, Held at the Institute of Civil Engineers, London, from the 1st to the 16th November 1945. URL: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001176/ 117626e.pdf.
13. Magliveras K.D. Membership in International Organizations // Klabbers J., Wallendahl A. (eds.). Research Handbook on the Law of International Organizations. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011.
14. Recognition by the United Nations of the representation of a Member State, 14 December 1950 // UN Doc. A/RES/396 (V).
15. Letter dated 20 January 1965 from the First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Indonesia Addressed to the Secretary-General // UN Doc. A/5857.
16. Letter dated 10 May 1952 from the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Republic of China, to the Director-General of the World Health Organization // Official Records of the World Health Organization. No. 42. Geneva: WHO. 1952.
17. Jenks S.W. Due Process of Law in International Organizations // International Organization. Vol.19 (1965).
18. Kelsen H. The Law of the United Nations: A Critical Analysis of Its Funadamental Problems. London, 1951.
19. Klabbers J. An Introduction to International Organizations Law. Cambridge University Press, 2015.
20. Jenks S.W. Some Constitutional Problems of International Organizations // British Yearbook of International Law. Vol. 22 (1945).
21. Documents of the UN Conference on International Organizations. London/New York: United Nations Information Organization. 1945. Vol. 7.
22. Documents of the UN Conference on International Organizations. London/New York: United Nations Information Organization. 1945. Vol. 1.
23. Conforti B. The Law and Practice of the United Nations. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2005.
24. D'Aspremont J. The Multifaceted Concept of the Autonomy of International Organizations and International Legal Discourse // Collins R., White N.D. (eds.). International Organizations and the Idea of Autonomy: Institutional Independence in the International Legal Order. Routledge, 2011.
25. Brolmann C. The Institutional Veil in Public International Law: International Organisations and the Law of Treaties. Hart Publishing, 2007.
26. Annex 13, Membership of the Organization, Communications from the Government of Romania, Albania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and China // Official Records of the World Health Organization. No. 28. Geneva: WHO. 1950.
27. Annex 22, Correspondence with certain Governments concerning Membership in WHO // Official Records of the World Health Organization. No. 17. Geneva: WHO. 1949.
28. Amerasinghe C.F. Principles of the Institutional Law of International Organizations. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
29. Zeidler F. Der Austritt und Ausschluß von Mitgliedern aus den Sonderorganisationen der Vereinten Nationen. Frankfurt/M., Bern, New York, Paris, 1990.
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