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Исторический журнал: научные исследования
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Don K. Rowney New Rules of the Game? The Decline and Rise of State Autonomy Across the Russia’s Revolutionary Divide

Аннотация: В статье поставлена задача проанализировать цикличность и преемственность развития государственной власти в России в ХХ в. на примере государственных организаций, созданных большевиками — в первую очередь Совнаркома и ВСНХ. Рассматривая советскую командно-административную систему в сравнении с плановыми институтами царской России и этапы ее эволюции, автор исследует, какие государственные структуры и принципы институционального поведения перешагнули революционный рубеж и тем самым помогли новой политической элите консолидировать политическую власть, необходимую для совершения долгосрочных экономических преобразований. Используется институциональный подход к анализу основных структур государственного управления советской экономикой, а также компаративистская методология для изучения цикличности власти в дореволюционный и советский периоды истории России / СССР. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что путь большевиков к общеэкономическому директивному планированию был постепенным, непрямым и обусловленным как насущными потребностями экономичеcкого развития, так и унаследованными от царской России управленческими традициями. Система централизованной плановой экономики многим обязана сложившейся еще до революции 1917 г. системе государственного управления. Не подвергая сомнению различия между двумя режимами, автор указывает на преемственность в структуре и ментальности экономической модели управления.

Ключевые слова:

история, Российское государство, государственная экономика, национальная экономика, государственные организации, система управления, политика большевиков, нео-институциональная теория, Совнарком, ВСНХ

Abstract: The article analyzes and evaluates the cycle of governance in 20th century Russia, beginning with the Revolution of 1905. Drawing on a close study of a number of new organizations created by the Soviet regime, such as VSNKh or Sovnarkom, the author considers which state structures and institutionalized behaviors crossed the revolutionary divide, helping the new political elite to regain political capacity and authority, and producing long-lasting and significant consequences. The author pays particular attention to the origins and evolution of economic planning in Soviet Russia, using the institutional approach in his examination of the main structures of state governance of the Soviet economy, and also the comparative methodology for the study of the cycles of governance in the pre-Revolutionary and Soviet periods of Russian/ USSR history. The analysis and comparison of the creations of the new regime and state bodies of Imperial Russia led to the conclusion that the new rules of the game were essentially extensions of the patterns already in train, just as their reliance on the restored, increasingly powerful, increasingly autonomous centralized state apparatus. The author, however, does not assert that the new regime assumed the old imperial calculus of power without modifications.

Keywords:

history, Russian state, state-economy, national economy, state organizations, system of governance, Bolshevik policy, neo-institutional theory, Sovnarkom, VSNKh.


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References
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6. Ferro M. Revolution et totalitarianisme. La naissance du systeme bureaucratique en U.R.S.S. // Annales. Economies, Societes, Civilisations. 31e annee. No 1. 1976.
7. Figes O., Kolonitskii B. Interpreting the Russian Revolution. The Language and Symbols of 1917. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
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21. Husband, William Benjamin. The Nationalization of the Textile Industry of Soviet Russia, 1917–1920. Princeton University, PhD dissertation, 1984.
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53. Rowney D. K. The Scope, Authority, and Personnel of the New Industrial Commissariats, 1928–1936 // Social Dimensions of Soviet Industrialization / W. G. Rosenberg, L. Siegelbaum (eds.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. P. 124–145.
54. Rowney D. K. Transition to Technocracy. The Structural Origins of the Soviet Administrative State. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.
55. Siegelbaum L. H. The Politics of Industrial Mobilization in Russia, 1914–1917: a Study of the War-Industry Committees. New York: St. Martin's, 1983.
56. Skocpol, Theda. States and Social Revolutions. A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
57. Smolinski, Leon. Grinevetskii and Soviet Industrialisation // Survey. 1968. No 67.
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